Infrastructure

Six official repositories that explain why DeepSeek is cheap to run and possible to train. Almost nobody writes about them — but they decide whether you get the same throughput on your own hardware.

Why this layer matters. Most people only ask "which model is better". But the same model with official kernels versus generic ones can differ 2-3x in throughput. This layer is that difference.
★ 13,252C++
Efficient Multi-head Latent Attention kernels for Hopper GPUs.
One reason DeepSeek can do long context cheaply.
★ 10,411Cuda
Expert-parallel communication library for MoE, high-throughput all-to-all.
The MoE bottleneck is communication, not compute. This is the fix.
★ 9,155Cuda
FP8 GEMM kernels, JIT compiled, tuned for DeepSeek's matrix shapes.
FP8 halves memory, but only with kernels like this.
★ 10,425C++
Fire-Flyer File System — a high-performance distributed file system for AI training.
Data loading is often the training bottleneck; 3FS targets exactly that.
★ 7,280Python
Speculative decoding implementation.
Small model drafts, large model verifies — faster without quality loss.
★ 25,379Python
Official inference engine and serving framework.
Closer to DeepSeek's architecture than generic serving stacks.
★ 8,131
Official infrastructure index listing all low-level components.
Start here to understand how DeepSeek was trained.
★ 3,030Python
Bidirectional pipeline parallelism scheduling.
Reduces pipeline bubbles, raises training throughput.
★ 1,467Python
Expert Parallel Load Balancer.
Uneven expert load leaves GPUs idle; this rebalances it.

Which one do you need

Your situationLook at
Deploying a large model, need throughputDeepInfer, FlashMLA, DeepGEMM
MoE model, multi-GPU communication is slowDeepEP, EPLB
Data loading stalls during training3FS
Want speed without quality lossDeepSpec
Want to understand how DeepSeek trainsopen-infra-index

Related

Official resources · Commands · Self-hosting